[[1-The second class of facts to which we have
alluded has reference to the question whether or
not the motion of the earth in space can be made
perceptible in terrestrial experiments.]] We have
already remarked in Section V that [[2-all attempts
of this nature led to a negative result.]] [[3-Before
the theory of relativity was put forward, it was
difficult to become reconciled to this negative
result, for reasons now to be discussed.]] The in-
herited [[4-prejudices about time and space did not
allow any doubt to arise as to the prime importance
of the Galilei transformation for changing over
from one body of reference to another.]] Now
assuming that the Maxwell-Lorentz equations
hold for a reference-body K, we then find that
they do not hold for a reference-body K' moving
uniformly with respect to K, if we assume that
the relations of the Galileian transformation
exist between the co-ordinates of K and K'. It
thus appears that of all Galileian co-ordinate
systems one (K) corresponding to a particular
state of motion is physically unique. This result
was interpreted physically by regarding K as at
rest with respect to a hypothetical æther of space.
On the other hand, all co-ordinate systems K'
moving relatively to K were to be regarded as in
motion with respect to the æther. To this motion
of K' against the æther (“æther-drift” relative to
K') were assigned the more complicated laws
which were supposed to hold relative to K'.
Strictly speaking, [[5-such an æther-drift ought also
to be assumed relative to the earth, and for a
long time the efforts of physicists were devoted
to attempts to detect the existence of an æther-
drift at the earth’s surface.]]
(1-ALL experiments in and on the earth, terrestrial, ALL meaning tests with and without aether)
(2- Nagative results mean ALL attempts to detect Earth rotation failed to detect it)
(3- Relativity helped reconcile the negative result, which was the failure to detect Earth rotation)
(4-Their current understanding of space and time did not allow them to explain the negative results, they had to change their understanding of space and time, that's what relativity did)
(5- This is just one of the types of tests, a specific type of test, it would be considered one of the tests included in "ALL experiments")
[[6-In one of the most notable of these attempts
Michelson devised a method which appears as
though it must be decisive. Imagine two mirrors
so arranged on a rigid body that the reflecting
surfaces face each other. A ray of light requires
a perfectly definite time T to pass from one mirror
to the other and back again, if the whole system
be at rest with respect to the æther. It is found
by calculation, however, that a slightly different
time T' is required for this process, if the body,
together with the mirrors, be moving relatively
to the æther.]] And yet another point: it is shown
by calculation that for a given velocity v with
reference to the æther, this time T' is different
when the body is moving perpendicularly to the
planes of the mirrors from that resulting when
the motion is parallel to these planes. [[7-Although
the estimated difference between these two times
is exceedingly small, Michelson and Morley
performed an experiment involving interference
in which this difference should have been clearly
detectable.]] [[8-But the experiment gave a negative
result — a fact very perplexing to physicists.]]
[[9-Lorentz and FitzGerald rescued the theory from
this difficulty by assuming that the motion of
the body relative to the æther produces a contrac-
tion of the body in the direction of motion, the
amount of contraction being just sufficient to
compensate for the difference in time mentioned
above.]] [[10-Comparison with the discussion in Section
XII shows that from the standpoint also of the
theory of relativity this solution of the difficulty
was the right one. But on the basis of the theory
of relativity the method of interpretation is in-
comparably more satisfactory.]]
(6- All these experimens have to do with finding rotation, aether is just one type of test, this particular test is assuming aether, the claim that the Mickelson Morley experiment was solely about aether is false as you can verify by looking at note 1)
(7-the usual claim that the estimated differences would be too small to detect is false because it states that it should be clearly detectable)
(8-their current understanding of space and time did not allow them to explain the negative result)
(9-Lorentz and FitzGerald ASSUMED contraction to rescue their theory, creating an equation for contraction just sufficient to compensate for the exceedingly small difference)
(10- It's about a difference in interpretation of the solution of the difficulty, what's the difficulty?, that they did not detect a difference)
“While I was thinking of this problem in my student years, I came to know the [[11-strange result of Michelson’s experiment.]] [[12-Soon I came to the conclusion that our idea about the motion of the Earth with respect to the ether is incorrect, if we admit Michelson’s null result as a fact.]] [[This was the first path which led me to the special theory of relativity.]] [[14-Since then I have come to believe that the motion of the Earth cannot be detected by any optical experiment]], though the Earth is revolving around the sun"
(11-He is talking about the experiments with and without the aether)
(12-They could not detect rotation and the theory that aether caused the contraction was not sufficient.
(13-Lorentz and FitzGerald's theory of contraction needed to be written into relativity, So Einstein took their theory of assumed contracting, removed aether, and copy pasted it into Relativity. See notes 9 and 10)
(14- He is referencing all the experiments to detect earth rotation, the ones with and without aether.)
Now I don't believe relativity. I believe the negative result was because there is no rotation. My point in bringing this experiment up is to draw attention to the fact that if you are a heliocentric you must agree with the theory of relativity which states that the motion of the Earth cannot be detected by any optical experiment. That's ALL experiments.
“https://reddit.com/r/FlatEarthIsReal/comments/10k24gr/the_special_theory_of_relativity_and_why_you_can/”>View Reddit by danjo_mcnasty – View Source